MENDEL LAW OF INHERITANCE

The branch of biological science which deals with the study of heredity and variations is known as genetics . The term genetics was first coined by William Bateson in 1906 . According to him, " genetics is the elucidation of the phenomenon of heredity and variations ."

<pre><code> The scientific study in genetics was started with the time of Gregor johann Mendel (1822-1884), an Austrian monk . He formulated the basic laws of genetics with the help of his experiment on common garden pea . He is considered as the pioneer in the field of genetics and appropriately called FATHER OF GENETICS . His conclusion constitutes the foundation of MODERN GENETICS . <p dir="auto">MENDEL'S EXPERIMENTS <p dir="auto">Selection of Materials: Mendel selected garden pea plant as a best material for his hybridization experiments , because : <ol> <li>Its life cycle is comparatively short. <li>Construction of flower is suitable for self pollination. <li>In this case self pollination can easily prevented by removing the stamens from the flower buds . <li>Its many distinct varieties were available between which crosses could be made and analyzed . <p dir="auto">Mendel studied seven characteristics of pea plants, each of which occurred in two contrasting traits such as :<br /> a. Seed texture - round and wrinkled<br /> b. Seed color - yellow and green<br /> c. Seed coat color - grey and white<br /> d. Pod appearance- inflated and constricted<br /> e. Pod color - green and yellow<br /> f. Position of flowers - axial and terminal<br /> g.Stem length -tall and dwarf <p dir="auto">Reasons For Mendel Success <ol> <li>Mendel at first prepared genetically pure variety for a single character to get the exact results in the breeding . <li>He studied the inheritance of one character at a time . <li>Great care was taken in carrying out all experiments,eliminating the chances of cross polls nation wherever required. <li>Sufficient data were collected and analyzed carefully . <li>He carried out experiments to F2 and F3 generation only .