R Programming Language | Tutorial #1

What Will I Learn?

<ul> <li>Simple Main Concepts <li>Data Types (Generally) <h4>Requirements <ul> <li>RStudio <h4>Difficulty <ul> <li>Basic <h4>Tutorial Contents <p dir="auto">R is a free and open source software which is programming language developed as a statistical computing and graphical environment. RStudio is a powerful and open source integrated development environment for R. In this tutorial, I will explain the R programming Language in a simple way. It will be a long series of tutorials and I will mention all the details you need in R Programming Language. <p dir="auto"> <hr /> <p dir="auto"> <h2>Simple Main Concepts <p dir="auto"> <p dir="auto"><img src="https://images.hive.blog/768x0/https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1517707028/gugmzreqo70zflb1ovfj.png" alt="1.png" srcset="https://images.hive.blog/768x0/https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1517707028/gugmzreqo70zflb1ovfj.png 1x, https://images.hive.blog/1536x0/https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1517707028/gugmzreqo70zflb1ovfj.png 2x" /> <pre><code> print("Hello World") [1] "Hello World" # mathematical operations 1 + 2 [1] 3 3 * 3 [1] 9 10 / 5 [1] 2 (3 + 5) ^ 2 [1] 64 3 ^ 4 [1] 81 4 - 1 [1] 3 print(15.7 + 4.3) [1] 20 coinbaba <- "I Love utopian.io <3" print(coinbaba) [1] "I Love utopian.io <3" # or coinbaba [1] "I Love utopian.io <3" <p dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">Here I wrote simple text and mathematical operations. "<-" can be used instead of "=". I will use "<-" throughout the entire tutorial. I created a new value and applied the printing process that I determined with the "print" function. The print ( <strong>print() ) function can print any value. <p dir="auto"> <h2>Data Types (Generally) <p dir="auto"> I'll briefly explain the six data types. In my next tutorial, I will explain the data types in detail. There 6 types of data: Factors, Lists, Data Frames, Arrays, Vectors, and Matrices. <p dir="auto"> <div class="table-responsive"><table> <thead> <tr><th>Data Type<th>Example <tbody> <tr><td>Numeric<td>25, 7, 29, 28.7 <tr><td>Logical<td>FALSE, TRUE <tr><td>Integer<td>2L, 0L <tr><td>Character<td>"coin", "baba", "coinbaba", "2018" <tr><td>Complex<td>1+1i <tr><td>Raw<td>"coinbaba" is stored as 63 6f 69 6e 62 61 62 61 <p dir="auto"> <p dir="auto"><img src="https://images.hive.blog/768x0/https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1517929650/p9hbgaugvqxq6rwji3yz.png" alt="2.png" srcset="https://images.hive.blog/768x0/https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1517929650/p9hbgaugvqxq6rwji3yz.png 1x, https://images.hive.blog/1536x0/https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1517929650/p9hbgaugvqxq6rwji3yz.png 2x" /> <p dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">With the <strong>print (class (x)) function, we can learn the data type of any value. <pre><code> numaricexample <- 25 print(class(numaricexample)) [1] "numeric" logicalExample <- FALSE print(class(logicalExample)) [1] "logical" integerExample <- 2L print(class(integerExample)) [1] "integer" characterExample <- "coinbaba" print(class(characterExample)) [1] "character" complexExample <- 1+1i print(class(complexExample)) [1] "complex" rawExample <- charToRaw("coinbaba") print(class(rawExample)) [1] "raw" rawExample [1] 63 6f 69 6e 62 61 62 61 <p dir="auto"> Note: Data types are not limited to the six examples shown above. More data types are available. As an example, I showed six. <p dir="auto"> <h4>Factors <p dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">Factors are r objects created using a vector. Factors are constructed using the <strong>factor () function, and the <strong>Nlevels functions give the number of levels. <p dir="auto"> <pre><code>#factors factorExample <- factor(steemit) factorExample [1] steem sbd sp Levels: sbd sp steem print(nlevels(factorExample)) [1] 3 <p dir="auto"> <h4>Lists <p dir="auto"> A list is an R object that can contain many different types of elements, such as function, vectors and even other lists. <p dir="auto"> <pre><code>#Lists listExample <- list(c(1,7,5),10) listExample [[1]] [1] 1 7 5 [[2]] [1] 10 <p dir="auto"> <h4>Data Frames <p dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">Data frames are data objects. Unlike a matrix in the data frame, each column can contain different data modes. Data Frames are created using the <strong>data.frame () function. <p dir="auto"> <pre><code>#dataframe dataframeExample <- data.frame( + gender = c("Male", "Female","Female"), + height = c(180, 155.5, 173), + weight = c(90,55, 75), + Age = c(32,18,23) + ) dataframeExample gender height weight Age 1 Male 180.0 90 32 2 Female 155.5 55 18 3 Female 173.0 75 23 <h4>Arrays <p dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">Matrices may be limited to two dimensions, and arrays may be of any dimensions. The <strong>array function receives a dim attribute that creates the required number of dimensions. <p dir="auto"> <pre><code>#arrayExample arrayExample <- array(c('coin','baba'),dim = c(3,2,2)) arrayExample , , 1 [,1] [,2] [1,] "coin" "baba" [2,] "baba" "coin" [3,] "coin" "baba" , , 2 [,1] [,2] [1,] "coin" "baba" [2,] "baba" "coin" [3,] "coin" "baba" <p dir="auto"> <h4>Vectors <p dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">If you want to create a vector with more than one item, you must use the <strong>c() function to combine elements into one value. <p dir="auto"> <pre><code>#Vectors steemit <- c("steem","sbd","sp") steemit [1] "steem" "sbd" "sp" <p dir="auto"> <h4>Matrices <p dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">A matrix is a two-dimensional rectangular data set. The <strong>matrix function can be created using a vector entry. <p dir="auto"> <pre><code>#matrix matrixExample = matrix( c('1','1','2','3','4','1'), nrow = 2, ncol = 3, byrow = TRUE) matrixExample [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] "1" "1" "2" [2,] "3" "4" "1" <p dir="auto"><img src="https://images.hive.blog/768x0/https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1517933342/ewnma0emo6xzhld4bmrv.png" alt="3.png" srcset="https://images.hive.blog/768x0/https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1517933342/ewnma0emo6xzhld4bmrv.png 1x, https://images.hive.blog/1536x0/https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1517933342/ewnma0emo6xzhld4bmrv.png 2x" /> <hr /> <p dir="auto"><img src="https://images.hive.blog/768x0/https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1517933366/cnvdy9ickcjtehf9nkov.png" alt="4.png" srcset="https://images.hive.blog/768x0/https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1517933366/cnvdy9ickcjtehf9nkov.png 1x, https://images.hive.blog/1536x0/https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1517933366/cnvdy9ickcjtehf9nkov.png 2x" /> <p dir="auto"><br /><hr /><em>Posted on <a href="https://utopian.io/utopian-io/@coinbaba/r-programming-language-or-tutorial-1" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" title="This link will take you away from hive.blog" class="external_link">Utopian.io - Rewarding Open Source Contributors<hr /><p>