Thermodynamics

Is physics of energy, heat, work, entropy and the spontaneity of the process. Thermodynamics is closely related to statistical mechanics, in which thermodynamic relationships come from. Discover the formula thermodynamic entropy below.

In the language of Greece: thermos = 'hot' and dynamic = 'changes'.

On the system where occurs the process of changes in the form or exchange of energy, thermodynamics classical is not associated with the kinetics of the reaction (the speed of a reaction process takes place). Because this reason, the use of the term “thermodynamics” usually refers to thermodynamic equilibrium. With this relationship, the main concept in thermodynamics is the process of kuasistatik, which is idealized, the process of “super slow”. The thermodynamic process depending on the time studied in thermodynamics no the equilibrium.

Understanding Entropy

Entropy is a measure of the distribution pattern of the total energy of the system among the atom-atom preparation. If more wide distribution, the more widespread and less orderly structure. So the level of availability of energy for doing business in the lower. Then entropy can also be associated with the level of the regularity of the system. And the availability of energy (free energy) to doing business.

The formula thermodynamics

The law of Thermodynamics

• ΔU = Q − W

Description :

• ΔU = The changes in energy (joules)

• Q = Heat (joules)

• W = Business (joules)

The process of the Process :

• Isobaris → Fixed Pressure

• Isotermis → The temperature stays

• Isokhoris → The volume of fixed (or isovolumic or isometric) → W = 0

• Adiabatis → Does not occur exchange heat → Q = 0

• Cycles → Cycle → ΔU = 0

Equation of State of gas

The law Gay-Lussac

• The pressure remains → V/T = Constant → V1/T1 = V2/T2

The law Charles

• Volume remains → P/T = Constant → P1/T1 = P2/T2

The law Boyle

• The temperature stays → PV = Constant → P1V1 = P2V2

P, V, T Changed (non adiabatis)

• (P1V1) / (T1) = (P2V2) / (T2)

Adiabatis

• P1V1 γ= P2V2γ
• T1V1 γ − 1= T2V2γ − 1
  γ = Comparison of heat type of gas in the pressure remains and the volume remains → γ = Cp/Cv

Business

• W = P(ΔV) → Isobaris

• W = 0 → Isokhoris

• W = nRT ln (V2 / V1) → Isotermis

• W = − 3/2 nRΔT → Adiabatis (monatomic gas)

Description :

• T = temperature (Kelvin, do not Celsius)

• P = pressure (Pa = N/m2)

• V = volume (m3)

• n = The number of mol

• 1 liter = 10-3m3

• 1 atm = 105 Pa (Or join the question!)
  If not known in question take the value ln 2 = 0,693

Carnot Machine

• η = ( 1 − Tr / Tt ) x 100%

• η = ( W / Q1 ) x 100%

• W = Q1 − Q2

Description :

• Η = efficiency of the Carnot engine (%)

• Tr = low reservoir temperature (Kelvin)

• Tt = high reservoir temperature (Kelvin)

• W = (business joule)

Q1 = heat enter / absorbed reservoir high (joule)

Q2 = heat out / cast reservoir low (joule)

The formula thermodynamics black hole entropy

The second law of thermodynamics requires that black holes have entropy. If the black hole does not bring entropy, allows to be breaking the law by throwing the masses into the black hole. Increasing entropy black holes more than compensate for declining increases entropy which brought by the object that had swallowed.

Similarities to entropy black hole is usually given with the formula : Bekenstein-Hawking suspect that entropy black holes it.

That where 🅰 is the area of the firmament events (event horizon), which is calculated on}

Is the Planck Boltzmann, and

Is the length of Plancks. This is often referred to as the formula Bekenstein-Hawking. BH subscriptus stands for "black hole" or "Bekenstein-Hawking". Entropy black hole commensurate with the vast expanse of occurrence 🅰.

The fact that entropy black hole is also entropy maximum can be obtained by the Bekenstein which is bound (Where the Bekenstein bound become equation) Is the main observation that lead to a holographic principles (A principle of the theory of the string and properties that should be owned by quantum gravity that states that the description of the volume of a space can be considered as a limit on encoding a lower dimension to the region of the most likely a similar limit of light like horison gravitation).

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